Местоимения

	Именительный падеж	Объектный падеж
Един. число	I           я he        он she      она it          оно, он, она	me      мне, меня him      ему, его her      ей, ее it         ему / ей, его / ее
Множ. число	we    мы you    вы, ты, Вы they   они	us       нам, нас you     вам, вас them  им, их

или

Кто?	Кого? Кому? Кем?Оком?	Чей?
		С сущест­вительным	Без сущест­вительного
I	me	my	mine	myself
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	here	herself
it	it	its	its	itself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
you	you	your	yours	yourselves
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

this — these, that — those, some, any

 спряжение глаголов

	to be		to have		to do
I	am	was	have	had	do	did
he	is	was	has	had	does	did
she
it
we	are	were	have	had	do	did
you
They

 

Предлоги времени

on: Come on Monday. — Приходите в понедельник.

on the first of April — первого апреля

in: He was born in 1978. — Он родился в 1978. He will come in May. — Он приедет в мае. I'll graduate from the institute in 5 months. — Я закончу институт через 5 месяцев.

at: at 5 o'clock — в 5 часов

at that moment — в тот момент

before: Don't come before 6 o'clock. — He приходите до 6 часов 

after: Come at any time after 5 o'clock. — Приходите в любое время после 5 часов.

until, till: We waited for them until 8 o'clock. — Мы ждали их до 6 часов.

We'll stay here till September. — Мы останемся здесь до сентября.

during: I woke three times during the night. — Я просыпался З раза в течение ночи.

For: for 5 days — в течение 5 дней since: since Monday — с понедельника

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Суффиксы существительных

-er, -or: worker, director, writer, visitor;

-ist: artist, scientist, physicist;

-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion): dictation, expre

creation;

-ment: agreement, development, movement;

-ing: beginning, building, feeling;

-ness: kindness, darkness, happiness;

-ship: friendship, leadership; -hood: childhood, neighbourhood;

 -ance, -ence: importance, difference;

-age: language, heritage;

-ity: minority, nationality, university;

-ure: agriculture, architecture, pleasure;

-dom: freedom, kingdom.

 

 

Суффиксы и префиксы прилагательных

-able: comfortable, changeable;

-al (ical): cultural, central, historical, industrial;

-ful: beautiful, careful, useful, joyful, peaceful;

-less: hopeless, useless, helpless, fearless, homeless;

-ous: famous, glorious, dangerous, courageous;

-y: cloudy, frosty, sunny, rainy, windy, healthy;

-ent (ant): different, abundant;

-ic: economic, climatic, historic;

-an: European, Russian, American;

-ive: legislative, executive;

un-: unhappy, unknown, unpleasant, unusual;

in-: indirect, incapable;

im-: impossible;

ill-: illegal;

ir-: irregular 

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Множественное число существительных

-s: pens;

-(e)s: bushes;

у ->  i: sky — skies (boy — boys);

f,fe ->  ves: wife — wives;

um -> a: datum — data;

non -> na: phenomenon — phenomena;

is -> es: analysis — analyses;

us -> i: nucleus — nuclei;

a - > ae: formula — formulae

 

изменяются не по правилам	нет множественного числа
man - men woman - women child - children ox — oxen tooth - teeth foot—feet goose - geese mouse — mice louse - lice	sheep swine deer Chinese Japanese Swiss trousers scissors

 

Притяжательный падеж существительных

the girl's book — книга девочки

the girls' book — книга девочек children's book — книга детей

 

Степени сравнения прилагатель­ных и наречий

high — higher — the highes/

dangerous — more dangerous — the most dangerous

good — better — the best

bad — worse — the worst

little — less — the least

many, much — more — the most

than — чем

as ... as ... — как, так и; такой же, как и

the more ... the better ... — чем больше, тем лучше

 

 

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты 

can, to be able to	I can speak English.	I am able to speak English.
(could)	I can run quickly	I am able to run quickly.
may, to be allowed to	You may do it.	You are allowed to do it
(might)	May I come in?	Am I allowed to come in?
must, to have to	The pupil must do it.	The pupil has to do it.
( — ) to be to	The pupil is to do it.
should	You should do it.	You have to do it.
(should)	You are to do it.